SA-Mozambique Gas Pipeline Deal

Date: 2026-05-31 Type: Research Status: Seed dossier for NBLM Deep Research (Phase 1 of 7) Sources: sa-mozambique-gas-pipeline-deal-2026-05-31.sources.json

Framing

"The SA-Mozambique gas pipeline deal" in mid-2026 is not one signature — it is a stack of overlapping agreements, ownership rearrangements, and bridging instruments designed to stop South African industrial gas demand falling off a cliff when Sasol's Pande-Temane production runs down. Treat it as four interlocking deals:

ROMPCO ownership rebalance — Sasol's 30% selldown (Project Reef, 2021) pre-empted by iGas + CMG; now iGas 40% / CMG 40% / Sasol 20% (states own 80% of the 865-km pipeline).
PetroSA-ENH Gas Sales Agreement + JV — state-to-state replacement of Sasol-as-aggregator. Initial 2 PJ/y scaling to 200 PJ/y.
Mozambique 30-year concession (Nov 2025) — ENH + CFM + EDM + HCB exclusive 30-year concession over ROMPCO + new LNG facilities at Beira and Inhassoro (FSRU anchor).
Fourth Bi-National Commission MoU on Energy Cooperation (Dec 2025) — Ramaphosa-Chapo, Maputo + Vilankulo. Joint inauguration of Sasol Integrated Hydrocarbons Infrastructure Facility at Temane.

Around these sit: Matola FSRU (Beluluane / TotalEnergies / Gigajoule, mid-2026 target, anchors industrial bridge), Richards Bay LNG (Vopak-Transnet, FID delayed to Q1 2028), Mozambique LNG restart (TotalEnergies, force majeure lifted Nov 2025, first cargo 2029), Coral South FLNG operating + Coral Norte FID Oct 2025 / hull launch Jan 2026, and Rovuma LNG / ExxonMobil FID expected mid-2026.

Executive summary (6 bullets)

The deal is plural, not singular. Most coverage flattens ROMPCO ownership change, PetroSA-ENH GSA, the November 2025 Mozambican 30-year concession decree, and the December 2025 BNC Energy MoU into "the deal" — they are sequential moves in a single restructuring of cross-border gas trade away from a Sasol-dominated single-buyer model toward a state-led aggregator model anchored on LNG imports.
Pande-Temane runs down by 2028; MRG bridge extends industrial supply to 2030. Sasol CEO Simon Baloyi (April 2025) committed to using methane-rich gas from Secunda coal to delay the industrial gas cliff from June 2026 to 2030, conditional on NERSA pricing approval. Underlying upstream depletion is real and unchanged.
Matola FSRU is the bridge; Richards Bay is post-2028. IGUA-SA (Industrial Gas Users Association SA) names Matola as "the fittest horse" for 2026-2027 bridging supply. Richards Bay LNG (Vopak-Transnet Zululand Energy Terminal) deferred FID to Q1 2028 after September 2025 SCA ruling annulled the environmental authorisation for Eskom's 3,000 MW gas-to-power anchor — Vopak no longer has a guaranteed offtaker.
Mozambique tightened state control over midstream. November 2025 Council of Ministers decree gave ENH + CFM + EDM + HCB an exclusive 30-year concession to build, finance, import and operate the LNG terminals AND the ROMPCO pipeline. Sasol's Mateus Mosse called it "rare institutional alignment". The decree formalises Mozambique's strategy to capture domestic value from Rovuma gas before exporting.
TotalEnergies Mozambique LNG restart is the upstream unlock. Force majeure lifted 7 November 2025; restart announced by Pouyanné + President Chapo at Afungi on 29 January 2026. Budget $20.5bn ($15.5bn original + $4.5bn force majeure overhead). First LNG H1 2029. 4,000 workers mobilised, >3,000 Mozambican. Concession term extended by 4.5 years (not the 10 Total wanted).
South African policy architecture is split and unsettled. Gas portfolio split between Ramokgopa (DoEE — NERSA, Gas Act, Gas Regulator Levies Act, Electricity Regulation) and Mantashe (DMPR — pipeline legislation, upstream petroleum). Industry has flagged permit/midstream-overlap risk repeatedly. Mantashe's 2024 Gas Master Plan was called "impractical" by Ramokgopa; revision pending.

State of play (mid-2026)

Cross-border deal architecture

Layer	Instrument	Counterparties	Status (May 2026)
Ownership	ROMPCO 30% sale (Project Reef)	Sasol SA → Reatile/AIIM consortium	Pre-empted June 2021. iGas+CMG exercised pre-emptive rights; completion June 2022 at R4.145bn (+R1bn deferred). New cap table: iGas 40% / CMG 40% / Sasol 20%.
Cross-border GSA	PetroSA-ENH Gas Sales Agreement	PetroSA (CEF subsidiary) ↔ ENH	Signed 2024. 2 PJ/y initial, scope to 200 PJ/y. PetroSA gas trading licence granted by NERSA March 2024. First gas flow targeted late 2024/2025; cross-checked claims of slip into 2026.
Commercial JV	PetroSA-ENH Joint Venture	PetroSA ↔ ENH	Announced 2024; per Gemini early 2026 marketing JV formalised — unverified date. JV targets direct sale to SA industrial customers, bypassing Sasol-as-aggregator model.
Mozambique concession	30-year exclusive concession decree	Council of Ministers → "specific object entity" of ENH + CFM + EDM + HCB	Approved 24 November 2025. Covers ROMPCO + new Beira and Inhassoro LNG facilities + FSRU at Beira/Inhambane.
Bilateral framework	4th BNC MoU on Energy Cooperation	Ramaphosa ↔ Chapo	Signed 3 December 2025 in Maputo. Plus joint inauguration of Sasol Integrated Hydrocarbons Infrastructure Facility at Temane (~US$1bn / €866m).
Tariff	NERSA ROMPCO tariff application (July 2026 – March 2029)	ROMPCO → NERSA	Application filed; per Gemini public hearing 22 June 2026 — unverified date, requires NERSA confirmation.

Upstream supply

Pande-Temane (Sasol PSA, Inhambane province): Granted October 2000, 30-year development term. Commercial supply to third-party industrial users notified to end June 2026 (Sasol August 2023 notice). April 2025 update: Sasol CEO Simon Baloyi committed to MRG-from-Secunda bridge extending industrial supply to 2030, pending NERSA pricing approval. Pande G6 + Temane G10 reservoirs in terminal decline. ~450 MW gas-to-power already from CTT facility.
Coral South FLNG (Eni Area 4): Operating since November 2022. Production capacity 3.4 MTPA. Completed 100th export cargo April 2025. >135 cargoes delivered cumulatively.
Coral Norte FLNG (Eni Area 4): FID 2 October 2025 in Maputo. JV: Eni 50% / CNPC 20% / Kogas 10% / ENH 10% / ADNOC XRG 10%. US$7.2bn capex. Hull launched 16 January 2026 at Geoje, South Korea. Target first gas 2028. Capacity 3.6 MTPA. Combined with Coral South pushes Mozambique to >7 MTPA — third-largest African LNG producer after Algeria and Nigeria.
Mozambique LNG (TotalEnergies Area 1, Afungi onshore, 13.1 MTPA): Force majeure declared April 2021 after Palma attack. Lifted 7 November 2025. Restart formally announced by Pouyanné and President Chapo at Afungi 29 January 2026. Budget revised to $20.5bn ($15.5bn original + $4.5bn force majeure period costs; Total clarified to media that this is NOT $25bn). Project ~40% complete. First LNG H1 2029. 4,000 workers mobilised, >3,000 Mozambican. Mozambique granted 4.5-year force-majeure period reinstatement (concession term recalculation), not the 10-year extension Total requested.
Rovuma LNG (ExxonMobil-led Area 4, 15-18 MTPA): Force majeure lifted late 2025. FID targeted 2026 (mid-2026 per Gemini, "approval awaited" per most outlets). First exports early 2030s.

Midstream

ROMPCO pipeline: 865 km, Pande/Temane to Secunda. ~190 PJ/y carry. New ownership iGas 40% / CMG 40% / Sasol 20%. Sasol retains operator role under pre-existing commercial agreement; tariffs NERSA-approved and unaffected by Project Reef ownership change. Reverse-flow engineering for Matola-to-Secunda direction completed late 2025 per Gemini (Engineering News 27 August 2024 confirms R-LNG via ROMPCO as viable alternative). Permits a coastal-LNG-fed pipeline rather than depleting-inland-field-fed pipeline.
Matola LNG terminal (Mozambique): Developer Beluluane Gas Company (BGC), a JV between Gigajoule (SA) and TotalEnergies. Permanently moored 300 m FSRU at Maputo / Matola. Peak send-out 750 mmscfd. Capacity ~2.5 MTPA. Cost ~$350-550m. Connects via MGC high-pressure pipeline tie-in to ROMPCO. Two timelines surface in coverage: ROMPCO claims operations mid-2026, TotalEnergies guides end 2027 — material discrepancy worth flagging. FID dependency on offtake agreements + ROMPCO/Lilly tie-in.
Richards Bay LNG (Zululand Energy Terminal): Vopak Terminal Durban + Transnet Pipelines JV; 25-year Terminal Operator Agreement with TNPA signed 10 February 2025. South Dunes precinct, Port of Richards Bay. Phase 1 FSU (135-174k m³) + onshore regas ~400 mmscfd, then Phase 2 220k m³ onshore tank + 600 mmscfd send-out. Capex ~$1bn. Initial 2 MTPA throughput, scope to 5 MTPA. FID deferred to Q1 2028 after September 2025 SCA ruling (see §Domestic SA below). First gas now ~2028+.
Lilly Pipeline: Mentioned across multiple sources as the connector between ROMPCO and inland industrial gas demand; tie-in completion is a critical-path item for Matola, Richards Bay, and PetroSA-ENH GSA flows.

Domestic SA — power, regulation, policy

Eskom Richards Bay 3,000 MW gas-to-power plant: Environmental authorisation annulled by SCA on 17 September 2025 (SDCEA + groundWork + Natural Justice case). High Court ruling overturned; cumulative impact assessment + meaningful public participation + IPP-allocation policy fact ignored. Effect: authorisation a nullity; Eskom must restart application. Knock-on: Vopak deferred Richards Bay LNG FID to Q1 2028; the SA gas-to-power anchor disappeared.
Eskom 3,000 MW Gas IPP Procurement Programme: Bid window status per Gemini preferred-bidder announcement projected August 2026 — unverified; commercial operation date not before 2029-30 due to global turbine supply chain backlogs (consistent with industry view).
NERSA gas pricing: Per Gemini, Sasol Q1 2026 maximum gas price capped at R85.10/GJ, NERSA moved to a quarterly monitoring framework late 2025 — unverified, needs NERSA decision PDF.
NERSA recommendation (April 2024): Urged acceleration of policy + regulatory reforms; specifically asked for stronger pipeline connectivity from Mozambique via ROMPCO, LNG imports, and prioritisation of gas-to-power at Richards Bay, Coega, Saldanha.
Gas Master Plan 2024 (Mantashe): Gazetted draft, public comment closed 15 June 2024. Identified 11 gas demand nodes. Proposed OCGT-to-CCGT conversions, conversion of retiring Eskom coal stations to gas. Criticised as "scant on finance" (Daily Maverick) and "impractical" (Ramokgopa, post-GNU).
Ministerial split (June 2024 GNU): Ramokgopa (DoEE) → Electricity + Gas Act + Gas Regulator Levies Act + NERSA. Mantashe (DMPR) → upstream petroleum + pipeline legislation. Overlap on midstream permitting is the flagged risk.
Industrial Gas Users Association (IGUA-SA): 70,000 direct jobs; R300-500bn annual GVA at risk. IGUA-SA + 30 other piped-gas users planning externally-funded JV company on cost-pass-through model to secure post-2026 supply. Naming Matola as preferred near-term solution.

Security (Cabo Delgado)

Rwanda Defence Force deployment — initial ~1,000 troops mid-2021, expanded over time. Per Gemini, reinforced to >6,000 personnel by May 2026 — unverified. Combined with FADM (Mozambican military) + SADC SAMIM (started July 2021) regained territorial control through 2024-2025.
Funding shift: EU European Peace Facility funding for Rwandan deployment ended mid-2026 per Gemini; replaced by direct Mozambique-Rwanda bilateral funding arrangement — unverified, important.
Residual insurgency: Pockets persist in northern Cabo Delgado. Mozambique Conflict Monitor (29 October 2025) flagged insurgent activity spreading into northern province, "potentially linked to the increasing importance of Palma ahead of the restart of the LNG project". Total + government framing: security is sufficient for operational LNG project security, not for eliminating insurgency.
Civil society objections: BankTrack + Friends of the Earth + Justiça Ambiental have argued restart "ignores warnings" about community safety and unresolved grievances.

Geopolitics / financing

US ExIm Bank: Re-authorised $4.7bn loan facility for Mozambique LNG, March 2025 per Gemini — broadly consistent with prior ExIm board decisions; date worth confirming.
AFC + AfDB: Key lenders for midstream and FSRU infrastructure. AfDB funding for Coral Norte per Gemini early 2026 — needs primary confirmation.
Coral Norte JV: Material Chinese stake (CNPC 20%) + ADNOC subsidiary XRG 10% + Korean Kogas 10% — gas geopolitics is genuinely multipolar in Mozambique's Area 4, contrasting with the more western-dominated Area 1.
CNOOC: Per Gemini began a major drilling campaign in six new blocks early 2026 — unverified, important if true.
SADC Regional Gas Master Plan Phase 2: Per Gemini, prioritises an "East Coast Corridor" — unverified, SADC publication required.

Motivations per party

Sasol: Manage retirement of legacy Mozambique upstream business while preserving Secunda CTL operations + ROMPCO operator role + Inhambane Integrated Hydrocarbons Infrastructure Facility (US$1bn cooking-gas investment, new revenue from PSA renewal). Decarbonisation narrative (using remaining Pande-Temane gas to displace own coal). Avoid liability for downstream industrial supply cliff.
PetroSA / CEF / iGas (SA state): Replace Sasol as the dominant gas aggregator into SA, create state revenue stream from PetroSA-ENH trading JV, become structural counterparty for Matola/Richards Bay imports + future Rovuma piped/LNG flows. Pre-emption of Project Reef in 2021 was the foundational move.
ENH / CMG (Mozambique state): Capture midstream rents (now control 80% of ROMPCO with SA), capture LNG infrastructure rents via 30-year concession on Beira + Inhassoro terminals + Matola, become the indispensable Rovuma off-taker into both SA and regional markets.
TotalEnergies: Restart Mozambique LNG with budget-clarified $20.5bn, secure 4.5-year FM extension (less than 10 asked, but enough), de-risk Matola FSRU via BGC. Capture Rovuma upstream returns.
Eni: Coral South already cash-flowing; Coral Norte FID locks in second FLNG at lower execution risk + ADNOC XRG / CNPC / Kogas / ENH risk-share. Possible third FLNG signalled May 2026.
ExxonMobil: Rovuma LNG FID 2026 the last big move; first exports early 2030s. Less politically exposed since lifting force majeure late 2025.
Mozambican government: Lift Cabo Delgado economy, secure royalty / tax / DST revenue from Rovuma + domestic gas allocation. Bilateral funding-from-Maputo of Rwanda mission is a sovereignty signal if confirmed.
South African government (Ramaphosa, GNU): Avoid industrial deindustrialisation, secure flexible / dispatchable capacity to back renewable rollout, mitigate Eskom coal retirement risk, position Mozambique as #1 African economic partner.

Beneficiaries (named, specific)

Sasol Limited (operator fees, Inhambane PSA renewal, Secunda gas allocation).
PetroSA / CEF Group / iGas SOC Ltd (aggregator margin, ROMPCO equity).
ENH / CMG / CFM / EDM / HCB (Mozambican state firms — 30-year concession holders).
Beluluane Gas Company / Gigajoule / TotalEnergies (Matola FSRU).
Vopak / Transnet (Zululand Energy Terminal — but FID delayed).
Eni / CNPC / Kogas / ADNOC XRG (Coral Norte FLNG JV).
ExxonMobil (Rovuma LNG).
Reatile Group / AIIM IDEAS Fund (pre-empted out of ROMPCO in 2021).
ArcelorMittal SA (~190 PJ/y current Sasol customer; key bridge supply beneficiary).
Industrial Gas Users Association of Southern Africa (IGUA-SA): collective bargaining + voluntary JV-aggregator beneficiary.

Scenarios with probabilities (mid-2026 view, illustrative — not financial advice)

Scenario	12-month probability	Implication
Matola operational H2 2026 (ROMPCO timeline)	25%	Bridges 2026-27 industrial supply cliff partially; ArcelorMittal etc avoid worst
Matola operational H2 2027 (Total timeline)	50%	One-year gap with MRG bridge; Sasol-extended-to-2030 must hold
Matola slips to 2028 or later	25%	Industrial deindustrialisation risk crystallises; Richards Bay (Q1 2028 FID) becomes essential
Mozambique LNG first cargo on time H1 2029	50%	Upstream unlock for piped/LNG into SA via ROMPCO reverse-flow + Matola
Mozambique LNG slips to 2030+	35%	Cabo Delgado security incident; SA must rely on Matola + Coral South + spot LNG
Cabo Delgado major attack on Afungi peri-restart	15%	TotalEnergies re-declares FM; concession term recalculation again
Eskom Richards Bay gas-to-power IPP reauthorised by 2027	40%	Anchor offtaker for Vopak Richards Bay LNG restored
Eskom Richards Bay project abandoned	35%	Vopak FID slips beyond 2028; SA south-east coast LNG strategy stalls
NERSA approves Sasol MRG pricing path	70%	Industrial bridge 2026-2030 secured
PetroSA-ENH JV scales to ≥50 PJ/y by 2028	35%	Sasol's aggregator role permanently displaced

Second-order effects

Steel + chemicals industrial map redrawn. ArcelorMittal Newcastle / Vanderbijlpark and bulk industrials in Gauteng + KZN will sit on the most expensive non-bridging path; some plant closures plausible 2027-2029 if Matola slips.
Eskom flexibility deferred. With Richards Bay 3,000 MW annulled, dispatchable capacity for renewables back-up arrives 2029+ (gas IPP COD) instead of 2026-27. Coal retirement timelines (Komati already retired; Camden, Grootvlei, Hendrina) pushed further into reliance on diesel OCGT / Karpowership type interventions.
Mozambique fiscal upside. Coral Norte alone could generate ~US$23bn over 25 years (INP). With Mozambique LNG online 2029, government revenue trajectory transforms — but absorptive capacity / resource-curse risk is the corollary.
Cabo Delgado security spending sustainability. If EU EPF funding does end, bilateral Maputo-Kigali financing of Rwandan presence makes Mozambique structurally dependent on Rwanda. Long-run regional security politics shift.
China + UAE positioning. Area 4 JV (CNPC 20%, XRG 10%) plus possible CNOOC drilling on six new blocks indicates a structural multipolar gas geopolitics in Mozambique distinct from Area 1's western coalition.
SADC integration. Cahora Bassa hydro + Mphanda Nkuwa + Mozambique gas + Coral output increasingly positions Mozambique as the regional energy hub — Zimbabwe, Malawi, Eswatini in the medium term.

Contested / unverified section

Items flagged for NBLM Deep Research to verify:

[unverified] PetroSA-ENH marketing JV formally established early 2026 (Gemini).
[unverified] NERSA Sasol Q1 2026 maximum gas price R85.10/GJ + quarterly monitoring framework (Gemini).
[unverified] ROMPCO new transmission tariff application public hearing date 22 June 2026 (Gemini).
[unverified] ROMPCO Matola-to-Secunda reverse-flow engineering completion late 2025 (Gemini).
[unverified] Eskom 3,000 MW Gas IPP preferred-bidder announcement projected August 2026 (Gemini).
[unverified] Matola FSRU operational date — mid-2026 (ROMPCO) vs end-2027 (TotalEnergies) discrepancy.
[unverified] Rwanda RDF deployment >6,000 personnel May 2026 + EU EPF funding ending mid-2026 + bilateral Maputo-Kigali replacement (Gemini).
[unverified] US ExIm $4.7bn Mozambique LNG re-authorisation March 2025 (Gemini).
[unverified] SADC Regional Gas Master Plan Phase 2 + "East Coast Corridor" prioritisation (Gemini).
[unverified] CNOOC drilling campaign on six new blocks early 2026 (Gemini).
[unverified] AfDB funding for Coral Norte early 2026 (Gemini).

Source list (verified URLs only — Gemini-fabricated URLs excluded)

Primary / government / regulator

South African Government — Minister Gwede Mantashe address, Africa Energy Indaba: https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-gwede-mantashe-africa-energy-indaba-05-mar-2024
SAnews — Govt working to address SA gas supply: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/government-working-address-south-africas-gas-supply
SAnews — Ramaphosa positions Mozambique as SA's top African economic partner: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/president-ramaphosa-positions-mozambique-sas-top-african-economic-partner
DIRCO — Media briefing: 4th Mozambique-South Africa BNC, Maputo, 3 December 2025: https://dirco.gov.za/media-briefing-remarks-by-president-cyril-ramaphosa-on-conclusion-of-the-fourth-mozambique-south-africa-bi-national-maputo-mozambique-3-december-2025/
DIRCO — Ramaphosa arrives in Maputo for 4th BNC: https://dirco.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-arrives-in-maputo-to-strengthen-relations-with-mozambique-at-the-fourth-bi-national-commission/
SCA Judgment — SDCEA v Minister, Richards Bay gas-to-power (PDF, 17 Sept 2025): https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SDCEA-v-Minister-Richards-Bay-Gas-Power-SCA-2025.pdf
INP Mozambique — Pande & Temane PSA Area page: https://www.inp.gov.mz/en/Exploration-Production/Current-Areas-of-Exploration-and-Production/Pande-Temane-PSA-Area
World Bank Group / MIGA — Sasol Petroleum Temane Limitada (SPT) project page: https://www.miga.org/project/sasol-petroleum-temane-limitada-spt

Operator press / company

TotalEnergies — Mozambique LNG announces full restart: https://totalenergies.com/news/press-releases/mozambique-lng-announces-full-restart-all-its-activities-onshore-and-offshore
TotalEnergies (newsroom alt URL): https://totalenergies.com/newsroom/mozambique-lng-announces-the-full-restart-of-all-its-activities-onshore-and-offshore-in-mozambique/?lang=eng
Eni — Coral North press release / Final Investment Decision (October 2025): https://www.eni.com/en-IT/media/press-release/2025/10/pr-eni-announces-final-investment-decision-mozambique-coral-north-project.html
Eni — Coral North hull launch (January 2026): https://www.eni.com/en-IT/media/press-release/2026/01/eni-announces-hull-launch-coral-north-flng.html
Eni — Coral South project page: https://www.eni.com/en-IT/actions/global-activities/mozambique/coral-south.html
Eni — Coral North project page: https://www.eni.com/en-IT/actions/global-activities/mozambique/coral-north.html
Sasol — Project Reef / 30% ROMPCO sale SENS: https://www.sasol.com/index.php/sasol-concludes-sale-and-purchase-agreement-sell-30-interest-rompco-pipeline
Sasol — Divestment SENS alternative URL: https://www.sasol.com/sasol-sens/divestment-sasol-south-africa-limited-30-equity-interest-rompco
Sasol — Gas sourcing and operations: https://www.sasol.com/our-businesses/energy/gas-sourcing-and-operations
Sasol — Operations update: https://www.sasol.com/our-businesses/energy/gas-sourcing-and-operations/operations-update
Sasol — Stimulating regional cooperation (Mozambique gas project): https://sasol.com/stimulating-regional-co-operation
ROMPCO — R-LNG via ROMPCO viable alternative (28 August 2024): https://www.rompco.co.za/2024/08/28/r-lng-via-the-rompco-pipeline-a-viable-alternative-for-sa-industrial-customers/
ROMPCO corporate site: https://www.rompco.co.za/
Vopak — Zululand Energy Terminal signs agreement: https://www.vopak.com/newsroom/news/news-zululand-energy-terminal-signs-agreement-operate-south-africas-first-lng?language_content_entity=en
Technip Energies — Coral Norte FLNG contract: https://investors.technipenergies.com/news-releases/news-release-details/technip-energies-awarded-significant-contract-coral-norte
AIIM Africa — Project Reef press release: https://aiimafrica.com/media/media-centre/project-reef-press-release/
PR Newswire — Sasol 30% ROMPCO divestment: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/divestment-by-sasol-south-africa-limited-ssa-of-a-30-equity-interest-in-the-republic-of-mozambique-pipeline-investments-company-pty-limited-rompco-301577838.html

Trades / specialist energy press

Engineering News — Gas Master Plan approved at Cabinet (28 Mar 2024): https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/release-of-gas-master-plan-approved-at-cabinets-last-official-meeting-ahead-of-may-poll-2024-03-28
Engineering News — Gas users 2026 day zero (13 Feb 2024): https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/gas-users-call-for-urgent-policy-and-infrastructure-decisions-to-avert-2026-day-zero-2024-02-13
Engineering News — Matola LNG update (27 Sept 2024): https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/matola-liquefied-natural-gas-import-terminal-mozambique-update-2024-09-27
Petroleum Economist — Sasol delays South Africa's gas cliff: https://pemedianetwork.com/petroleum-economist/articles/gas-lng/2025/sasol-delays-south-africa-s-gas-cliff/
Pipeline & Gas Journal — PetroSA targets Mozambique gas, ROMPCO imports: https://www.pgjonline.com/news/2024/april/south-africas-petrosa-targets-mozambique-gas-in-new-sales-deal-plans-imports-via-540-mile-rompco-pipeline
Pipeline & Gas Journal — Mozambique grants 30-year concession (Nov 2025): https://pgjonline.com/news/2025/november/mozambique-grants-30-year-concession-for-lng-terminals-rompco-pipeline
Pipeline & Gas Journal — Vopak delays Richards Bay LNG FID to 2028 (March 2026): https://pgjonline.com/news/2026/march/vopak-delays-fid-on-south-africa-s-first-lng-import-terminal-to-2028
Pipeline Technology Journal — Mozambique 30-year control: https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/mozambique-taps-state-firms-30-year-control-key-regional-gas-pipeline
Mining Weekly — Sasol moves to sell Rompco stake (May 2021): https://www.miningweekly.com/article/sasol-moves-to-sell-big-stake-in-rompco-pipeline-to-a-reatile-led-consortium-2021-05-14
Energy Voice — Sasol sells Rompco stake to Reatile, AIIM: https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/africa/pipelines-africa/322768/sasol-rompco-mozambique-aiim/
Oil Review Africa — iGAS and CMG acquire equity in ROMPCO: https://oilreviewafrica.com/industry/igas-and-cmg-acquire-equity-interest-in-rompco
Africa Energy — State firms assert rights to control Rompco: https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/mozambiquesouth-africa-state-firms-assert-rights-control-rompco-gas-pipeline
Natural Gas World — PetroSA targets Mozambique gas in new sales pact: https://www.naturalgasworld.com/south-africas-petrosa-targets-mozambique-gas-in-new-sales-pact-110716
Hydrocarbon Engineering — Zululand Energy Terminal green light: https://www.hydrocarbonengineering.com/tanks-terminals/11022025/zululand-energy-terminal-gets-the-green-light/
TankTerminals — TNPA establishes SA's first LNG import terminal at Richards Bay: https://tankterminals.com/news/transnet-national-ports-authority-to-establish-south-africas-first-lng-import-terminal-at-richards-bay-2/
TankTerminals — SA first LNG import terminal cost ~$372m: https://tankterminals.com/news/cost-of-south-africas-first-lng-import-terminal-pegged-at-372-mln-plus/
Oil Field Africa Review — Matola FEED + customer talks: https://oilfieldafricareview.com/mozambiques-matola-lng-terminal-feed-underway-intensifies-talks-with-potential-customers/
360 Mozambique — Transnet + Mozambique Matola LNG: https://360mozambique.com/oil-gas/lng/mozambiques-new-matola-lng-terminal-to-address-south-africas-gas-shortfall/
360 Mozambique — TotalEnergies to support Matola: https://360mozambique.com/oil-gas/lng/totalenergies-to-support-matola-lng-terminal-to-increase-gas-imports/
360 Mozambique — PetroSA-ENH JV: https://360mozambique.com/oil-gas/petrosa-wants-to-form-a-joint-venture-with-mozambiques-enh-to-target-gas-customers-in-energy-hungry-south-africa/
The Energy Year — Gas to power with Sasol in Mozambique (Ovidio Rodolfo): https://theenergyyear.com/articles/from-gas-to-power-with-sasol-in-mozambique/
Energiesmedia — Eni set to approve Coral Norte: https://energiesmedia.com/eni-set-to-approve-coral-norte-within-days/
World Oil — Technip Energies wins Coral Norte: https://worldoil.com/news/2026/2/24/technip-energies-wins-coral-norte-flng-contract-offshore-mozambique/
BusinessTech Africa — Eni explores third FLNG (May 2026): https://www.businesstechafrica.co.za/energy/2026/05/20/eni-is-exploring-the-possibility-of-adding-a-third-floating-liquefied-natural-gas-flng-platform-in-mozambiques-offshore/
Offshore Industry — Mozambique LNG restart timeline: https://offshoreindustry.co.uk/mozambique-lng-restart-totalenergies-returns-to-cabo-delgado/
Gas Compression Magazine — TotalEnergies restarts Mozambique LNG: https://gascompressionmagazine.com/2026/01/31/totalenergies-restarts-mozambique-lng-project/
JPT (SPE) — TotalEnergies lifts Mozambique LNG FM: https://jpt.spe.org/totalenergies-lifts-force-majeure-on-mozambique-lng
JPT (SPE) — Mozambique greenlights Coral Norte FLNG: https://jpt.spe.org/mozambique-greenlights-enis-coral-norte-flng
Energy Intelligence — Total lifts FM as costs balloon: https://www.energyintel.com/0000019a-25fb-ddaf-ab9f-affb97050000
LNG Prime — Mozambique OKs two FSRU terminals: https://lngprime.com/africa/mozambique-oks-two-fsru-terminals/169934/
Dabafinance — TotalEnergies $3.2bn Mozambique gas import terminal: https://www.dabafinance.com/en/news/totalenergies-plans-3-2b-gas-import-terminal-in-mozambique
African Energy Week (AEC) — Mozambique LNG restart turning point: https://aecweek.com/mozambique-lng-restart-marks-turning-point-for-african-gas/
African Energy Week — Mantashe AEW 2024 oil and gas plans: https://aecweek.com/mantashe-to-highlight-south-africas-ambitious-plans-for-oil-and-gas-development-at-aew-2024/
African Energy Council — SA awaits first Mozambique gas: https://africanenergycouncil.org/south-africa-awaits-first-mozambique-gas/
Inspenet — PetroSA + ENH negotiation: https://inspenet.com/en/news/petrosa-and-gas-of-mozambique/
AEDIC Consulting — Mozambique future gas hub: https://aedic.eu/en/energy/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities/
Africa Energy Portal — NERSA calls for urgent reforms: https://africa-energy-portal.org/news/south-africas-nersa-calls-urgent-reforms-integrate-gas

General news + commentary

Reuters via TradingView — Mozambique 30-year concession (24 Nov 2025): https://www.tradingview.com/news/reuters.com,2025:newsml_L8N3X009A:0-mozambique-grants-30-year-concession-to-state-firms-for-lng-facilities-pipeline/
bne IntelliNews — Mozambique ENH 30-year concession for FSRUs: https://www.intellinews.com/mozambique-gives-state-run-enh-30-year-concession-to-build-two-fsrus-413204/
bne IntelliNews — SA president clarifies gas responsibility between two ministries: https://www.intellinews.com/south-africa-s-president-clarifies-gas-responsibility-sharing-between-two-ministries-341344
eNCA — Mozambique might reach gas cliff, Sasol has solution: https://www.enca.com/business-top-stories/mozambique-might-reach-gas-cliff-sasol-has-solution
Daily Maverick — Mantashe Gas Master Plan scant on finance: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-04-28-mantashes-gas-master-plan-scant-on-key-details-such-as-finance/
Business Day — Renewables alone won't bridge energy gap (Ghaleb Cachalia, 3 Feb 2026): https://www.businessday.co.za/opinion/2026-02-03-ghaleb-cachalia-renewables-alone-wont-bridge-energy-gap/
IOL Business Report — GMP proposes additional gas exploration: https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/gas-master-plan-proposes-massive-additional-natural-gas-exploration-projects-ee95fba2-e03e-4c26-bf93-80de30706c06
IOL — Supreme Court halts Eskom's gas power plant Richards Bay: https://iol.co.za/news/2025-09-19-supreme-court-halts-eskoms-gas-power-plant-project-in-richards-bay/
Mongabay — TotalEnergies moves to restart Mozambique LNG despite security/eco concerns: https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/11/totalenergies-moves-to-restart-mozambique-lng-project-despite-security-eco-concerns/
BankTrack — TotalEnergies ready to restart Mozambique LNG at any cost: https://www.banktrack.org/article/totalenergies_ready_to_restart_mozambique_lng_at_any_cost_provided_that_cost_is_paid_by_mozambicans
Naturaljustice — Victory for Richards Bay communities (SCA): https://naturaljustice.org/victory-for-richards-bay-communities-as-supreme-court-of-appeal-rules-against-eskoms-proposed-toxic-power-plant/
groundWork — same: https://groundwork.org.za/victory-for-richards-bay-communities-as-supreme-court-of-appeal-rules-against-eskoms-proposed-toxic-power-plant/
Ecofin Agency — SA court rejects 3,000 MW gas plant: https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1809-48795-in-blow-to-power-supply-s-africa-court-rejects-permit-for-3-000-mw-gas-plant
Energize — Court ruling derails Eskom's 3,000 MW gas-to-power: https://www.energize.co.za/article/court-ruling-derails-eskoms-3-000-mw-gas-to-power-plans
Construction Review Online — SCA annuls 3,000 MW permit: https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/supreme-court-annuls-permit-for-eskom-to-build-3-gw-gas-power-plant-in-south-africa
Green Building Africa — SCA denies Eskom 3,000 MW: https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/supreme-court-denies-eskom-authorisation-to-build-a-3000mw-gas-to-power-plant-in-richards-bay/
Green Building Africa — Sasol concludes 30% sale: https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/sasol-concludes-30-sale-in-mozambique-gas-pipeline/
Business Explainer — Update: Eskom 3,000 MW gas plant: https://businessexplainer.co.za/economy/2025/09/18/update-eskoms-plans-to-construct-3000-mw-gas-plant/
Marine Insight — SA signs deal for first LNG import terminal: https://www.marineinsight.com/south-africa-signs-deal-for-first-lng-import-terminal-at-richards-bay/
Club of Mozambique — SA + Moz sign MoU on energy cooperation: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/south-africa-and-mozambique-sing-mou-on-energy-cooperation/
Club of Mozambique — Mozambique and SA strengthen economic cooperation: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-and-south-africa-strengthen-economic-cooperation/
Club of Mozambique — Ramaphosa Maputo BNC + Inhambane gas factory + Business Forum: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/south-africas-ramaphosa-visits-mozambique-with-bi-national-commission-meeting-inhambane-gas-factory-inauguration-and-business-forum-on-the-agenda/
Club of Mozambique — 30-year concession at Beira/Inhassoro: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-grants-30-year-concession-to-state-firms-for-lng-facilities-at-beira-port-and-inhassoro-pipeline-to-south-africa/
Club of Mozambique — SA gas users plan venture before 2026: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/sa-gas-users-plan-venture-to-secure-supply-before-2026/
Club of Mozambique — PetroSA targets Mozambique gas: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/south-africas-petrosa-targets-mozambique-gas-in-new-sales-deal/
Club of Mozambique — Coral South success + Coral North prospects: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-eni-highlights-historical-success-of-coral-south-and-promising-prospects-for-coral-north/
Club of Mozambique — 4.5-year FM reinstatement (Lusa): https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-agrees-to-reinstatement-of-four-and-a-half-year-force-majeure-period-for-totalenergies-lng-concession-lusa/
Club of Mozambique — SA divestment SSA 30%: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/divestment-by-sasol-south-africa-limited-of-a-30-equity-interest-in-rompco-219747/
Club of Mozambique — Cost of SA's first LNG import terminal $372m+: https://clubofmozambique.com/news/cost-of-south-africas-first-lng-import-terminal-pegged-at-372mln-plus-253979/
OilPrice — Mozambique 30-year concession LNG: https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Mozambique-Awards-State-Firms-30-Year-Concession-for-LNG-Infrastructure.html
BOE Report — Mozambique 30-year concession: https://boereport.com/2025/11/24/mozambique-grants-30-year-concession-to-state-firms-for-lng-facilities-pipeline/
Baird Maritime — Mozambique 30-year concession: https://www.bairdmaritime.com/shipping/tankers/gas/mozambique-grants-state-firms-concessions-for-gas-pipeline-terminals
Offshore Technology — Mozambique 30-year concession: https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/mozambique-lng-2/
allAfrica — Ramaphosa urges stronger economic integration: https://allafrica.com/stories/202512030456.html
Eurasia Review — Ramaphosa positions Mozambique as top African economic partner: https://www.eurasiareview.com/04122025-president-ramaphosa-positions-mozambique-as-south-africas-top-african-economic-partner/

Analyst / aggregator (commercial paywall)

Wood Mackenzie — Pande-Temane PPA report: https://www.woodmac.com/reports/upstream-oil-and-gas-pande-temane-ppa-3059831
Global Energy Monitor — Richards Bay Transnet FSRU wiki: https://www.gem.wiki/Richards_Bay_Transnet_FSRU
Global Energy Monitor — Maputo / Matola FSRU wiki: https://www.gem.wiki/Maputo_FSRU_Terminal

Civil society + watchdog

Cabo Ligado — Mozambique Conflict Monitor (insurgency dashboard): https://www.caboligado.com/ (homepage; per-issue reports linked from there)

Environmental impact archive

Netherlands EIA Commission — Sasol Natural Gas Project Mozambique EIA: https://www.eia.nl/docs/mer/diversen/053-028_eia_temane_pande.pdf

What NotebookLM Deep Research should now hunt for

NERSA decision PDFs: ROMPCO tariff (Jul 2026 – Mar 2029), Sasol Q1 2026 maximum gas price, Sasol MRG price methodology.
PetroSA Annual Report + Integrated Report 2024/2025 for GSA + JV operational status.
CEF / iGas board reports on ROMPCO + transmission strategy.
Mozambique gov.mz / INP Council of Ministers decree text — November 2025 30-year concession (Portuguese original).
DIRCO joint communiqué — 4th BNC Maputo December 2025 (full text).
Sasol Form 20-F + Integrated Report — Inhambane "Integrated Hydrocarbons Infrastructure Facility" capex, ROMPCO operator economics.
TotalEnergies Investor Day materials (Sept 2024, Sept 2025, Sept 2026 when available) — Mozambique LNG restart financing structure.
Eni investor materials — Coral Norte FID economics + Coral South cash flow.
ExxonMobil Rovuma LNG FID timeline + financing pipeline.
AFDB, US ExIm Board memos — Mozambique financing decisions 2024-2026.
ISS Africa, SAIIA, CSIS Africa Program, Chatham House recent commentary on cross-border SA-Moz gas trade + concession decree implications.
IGUA-SA policy briefs + presentations 2025-2026.
Cabo Ligado monthly reports 2024-2026.
Eberhard, Yelland, Mashele, Winkler commentary on gas-to-power policy + IRP 2024 / IRP 2025.

End seed dossier. Ready for NBLM ingest (Phase 2).

SA-Mozambique Gas Pipeline Deal — Seed Dossier